Evidence is less certain that nicotine replacement increases abstinence when used in higher doses tailored to particular groups of smokers or use prior to quit day, and further research would be helpful. There is high certainty that using nicotine replacement therapy from quit day increases smoking abstinence and no further research is required. This overview also provides detail on a wider range of interventions. Financial incentives increased quit rates in the general population (RR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.28-1.73 I 2 = 33% 30 studies, adjusted n = 20 097 high-certainty) and during pregnancy (RR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.54-3.69 I 2 = 41% nine studies, n = 2273 moderate-certainty). Varenicline may help prevent relapse in abstainers (RR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.08-1.41 I 2 = 82% 11 studies, n = 1297 moderate-certainty), but behavioural support did not prevent relapse (RR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.87-1.11 I 2 = 52% 11 studies, n = 5523 moderate-certainty). Electronic cigarettes may help more people quit than NRT (RR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.21-1.93 I 2 = 0% four studies, n = 1924 moderate certainty), nicotine-free electronic cigarettes (RR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.21-3.13 I 2 = 0% five studies, n = 1447 moderate-certainty) and behavioural/no support (RR = 2.61, 95% CI = 1.44-4.74 I 2 = 0% six studies, n = 2886 very low-certainty). Reducing smoking in order to quit completely results in similar quit rates to abrupt quitting (RR = 1.01, 95% CI= 0.87-1.17 I 2 = 29% 22 studies, n = 9219 moderate-certainty). There is high-certainty evidence that combining fast-acting nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) with transdermal patches helped more people to quit than single-form NRT and moderate-certainty evidence that using NRT before quitting can increase quit rates more than using NRT from quit day onwards (RR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.08-1.44, nine studies, n = 4395 I 2 = 0%). Narrative summary of all new and updated Cochrane Reviews published by CTAG in 20, outlining key results and promising avenues for future research.ĬTAG published six new reviews and updated 15 reviews.

To summarize evidence on tobacco addiction interventions published by the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group (CTAG) from 2019 to 2020.

Cloudtag update